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Ferrante Pallavicino
Ferrante Pallavicino (March 23, 1615 – March 5, 1644) was an Italian writer of lampoons and satires〔For some unclear reason, the author of the 1911 ''Encyclopædia Britannica'' labels these "pasquinades", although he never published his most important works upon statues.〕 which, according to Edward Muir, "were so popular that booksellers and printers bought them from him at a premium."〔Edward Muir, ''The Culture Wars of the Late Renaissance: Skeptics, Libertines and Opera'' (Cambridge: Harvard, 2007), p. 86〕 Pallavicino's scandalous satires, which cost him his head at the age of twenty-eight, were all published under pseudonyms or anonymously.
==Early life==
Pallavicino was born in Piacenza, Italy, a member of the old Italian family of the Pallavicini. He received a good education at Padua and elsewhere, and early in life entered the Augustinian order, residing chiefly in Venice. For a year he accompanied the general Ottavio Piccolomini in his German campaigns as field chaplain, and in 1641, shortly after his return, he published a number of clever but exceedingly scurrilous satires on the Roman Curia and on the powerful house of the Barberini, held together by the frame story expressed in its title, ''Il Corriero svaligiato'' ("The Post-boy Robbed of his Bag").〔Reprinted ''Il corriero svaligiato: Con la lettera dalla prigionia'' (Archivio barocco: Università di Parma) 1984.〕 In this novella published in 1641,〔Laura Coci, "Bibliografia di Ferrante Pallavicino", ''Studi secenteschi'' 24 (1983:221-306)〕 four courtiers read and comment on a post-bag of letters that their noble master has ordered stolen from a courier, which include some political ones written by the Spanish governor of Milan. The basis of his story allowed Pallavicino to express a number of divergent opinions, which included those critical of contemporary rulers in Italy, who included Pope Urban VIII Barberini, "the barber who cut the beard of Christ"; the Jesuits, who were attempting to monopolize all education and intellectual life; the Roman Inquisition, which ruined publishers through its prosecutions; and the Spanish, who at the time occupied parts of Italy. "The only powers to escape condemnation in the letters", according to Muir, "were the valiant republics, Genoa, Lucca, and especially Venice, which had managed to maintain political independence."〔
The reaction to this work was immediate: the papal nuncio to Venice, Francesco Vitelli, demanded Pallavicino's arrest; although the writer spent six months in prison, his allies kept him from being tried. In March 1642, the pro-papal party in the Venetian Senate proposed legislation to banish Pallavicino and forbid the sale of ''Il Corriero'', but despite receiving four votes the measure failed to pass. In spite of these successes, after his release from prison Pallavicini was persecuted by the papal nuncio and Francesco Barberini, Pope Urban's nephew. "Twice Pallavicino was forced to leave his monastery and take refuge with Loredan," writes Muir, "and during the summer of 1642 he escaped Venice, traveling home to Parma, to Friuli, and back to Parma, only to return in August to see a woman."〔Muir, ''Culture Wars'', p.89〕
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